What is Mycelium? A complete guide to the hidden life of mushrooms

When we look at mushrooms, we usually think of the visible parts – the caps and stems emerging from the ground or trees. But what happens beneath the surface is far more fascinating and complex. The mushroom's actual body, known as the mycelium, is a network of small, white threads that make up one of the most complex and important organisms in nature.

But what exactly is mycelium, and why is it so important? Let's dive into this hidden world and learn more about the fundamental structure and function of mushrooms.

What is mycelium?

Mycelium (also called mycelium in Norwegian) is the underground or hidden network that forms the most important part of a fungal organism. It is made of microscopic threads called hyphae. These hyphae grow and branch out in all directions, and together they form a dense network that can cover large areas underground. The mycelium can be so large and widespread that it is considered one of the largest living organisms on earth!

The most famous example of this is the giant mycelium in Oregon, USA, which stretches over 9 square kilometers and is estimated to be over 2,400 years old. This shows how powerful and durable mycelium can be.

How does mycelium work?

The mycelium acts as the mushroom's "nervous and digestive system". It has two main tasks:

1. Decomposition and nutrient absorption
Mycelium is an expert organism when it comes to breaking down organic matter. It releases enzymes that help digest complex substances such as wood, leaves and other plant material, converting it into simple nutrients that the fungus can absorb.


2. Communication and symbiosis
Mycelium also acts as a communication network between trees and other plants. This is known as the "Wood Wide Web" – an underground communication network that allows plants to exchange nutrients and even send warnings about diseases or pests. The mycelium forms symbiotic connections with plant roots, called mycorrhiza, which contribute to the plant's growth by improving the uptake of water and nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen.



The role of mycelium in the ecosystem

Mycelium is an important component of most ecosystems. It helps break down dead plant material and turn it into nutrient-rich soil. Without mycelium, nutrients tied up in dead material would not become available to new generations of plants. In addition to breaking down dead material, mycelium also protects plants from harmful pathogens and helps regulate the water balance in the soil.

This is why mycelium is often referred to as "nature's recycling system". Mycelium transforms dead material into new life, and maintains the balance of the ecosystem.

How is mycelium grown?

Mycelium can be grown in a controlled setting, which is particularly popular in mushroom cultivation. The process starts with inoculating (introducing) the spores of the fungus onto a sterile growth medium such as grain, sawdust or straw. Then the mycelium will colonize the substrate and spread throughout the medium, until it is ready to produce fruiting bodies (the visible parts of the fungus).

Another method is to grow liquid mycelium, where the mycelium grows in a liquid-based nutrient solution. This results in faster growth and higher yields, making it a popular choice for hobby growers and commercial growers alike.

Read more about liquid mycelium and how to make it

Mycelium in modern innovation

Mycelium is not only interesting to biologists and mushroom growers - it has also caught the attention of scientists, engineers and designers worldwide. Its unique properties have led to innovations in a number of fields, including:

1. Biomaterials and packaging
Mycelium can be used to make biodegradable materials that can replace plastic. This has led to the development of mycelium-based packaging, building materials and even furniture.


2. Medicine and dietary supplements
Research into medicinal mushrooms such as Reishi and Lion's Mane has shown that certain types of mycelium can have health benefits, such as strengthening the immune system, improving memory and reducing inflammation.


3. Pollution control
Mycelium has a unique ability to break down toxic substances in the soil, including oil, pesticides and heavy metals. This makes it a promising candidate for cleaning up contaminated sites – a process known as mycoremediation.


Mycelium is the mushroom's lifeblood and constitutes one of the most important, but least visible parts of the earth's ecosystems. Its ability to break down organic matter, support plant growth and even clean up polluted areas makes it an indispensable component of nature's cycle. Whether you are interested in mushroom cultivation, environmental protection, or biomaterials, mycelium provides a unique insight into how nature balances and rebuilds itself.

If you want to learn more about mycelium or try growing your own mushrooms, you can find a selection of products and growing kits at Soppguru.no. There you will find everything from Supermushroom growing sets to liquid mycelium and much more, perfect for both beginners and experienced growers.

Are you ready to explore the fascinating world of mycelium? Take the step into the hidden kingdom of mushrooms and see how these magical networks can transform both nature and everyday life!